Coahuiltecan Indian Tribe
Location
Coahuiltecan Tribes. The name was derived from that of the Mexican State
of Coahuila, the tribes of this group having extended over the eastern
part of that province as well as a portion of Texas.
Also called:
Tejano, an alternative name for the group.
Connections
As Coahuiltecan are included all of the tribes known to have
belonged to the Coahuiltecan linguistic family and some supposed on
circumstantial evidence to be a part of it. It is probable that most of
the so-called Tamaulipecan family of Mexico were really related to this,
and that the Karankawan and Tonkawan groups were connected as well, though
more remotely.
Location
The Coahuiltecan tribes were spread over the eastern part of Coahuila, Mexico, and almost all of Texas west of San Antonio River and
Cibolo Creek. The tribes of the lower Rio Grande may have belonged to a
distinct family, that called by Orozco y Berra (1864) Tamaulipecan, but
the Coahuiltecans reached the Gulf coast at the mouth of the Nueces.
Northeast of that point they were succeeded by Karankawan tribes. Toward
the north it is probable that the Coahuiltecans originally extended for a
long distance before they were displaced by the Apache and Comanche. (See
also Mexico.)
Subdivisions
In considering the Coahuiltecan stock it has been found necessary to
change the original plan of giving separate consideration to each tribe
because we are here confronted by an enormous number of small tribal or
band names, of many of which we do not know even the location. In lieu of
subdivisions, therefore, we shall give as complete a list as possible of
these small tribes or bands, as far as they are known.
They are as
follows:
Aguastayas
Alasapas
Andacaminos
Annas
Apayxam
Aranania (see above)
Asan.
Atajal.
Atastagonies.
Borrados.
Cabia.
Cacafes
Cachopostales
Camai
Cantunas
Casas
Chiquitas
Casastles
Chaguantapam
Chagustapa
Chapamaco
Chemoco
Choyapin (perhaps Tonkawan)
Chuapas
Cimataguo
Cluetau
Cocomeioje
Comecrudo
Cotonam
Cupdan
Escaba
Espopolames
Gabilan
Geies
Guanipas
Gueiquesales
Guerjuatida
Guisoles
Haeser
Hapes
Harames
Heniocane
Hiabu
Hihames
Huacacasa
Huanes
Hume
Juamaca
Jueinzum
Juncatas
Junced
Macapao
Macocoma
Mallopeme
Mamuqui
Manam
Manico
Manos Colorados
Manos de Perro
Manos Prietas
Maquems
Maraquites
Matucar
Matuime
Maubedan
Mauyga
Mazapes
Menenquen
Mescales
Mesquites
Milijaes
Morbanas
Mulatos
Muruam
Narices
Natao
Nazas
Necpacha
Nigco (probably meant for Sinicu)
Nonapho (perhaps Tonkawan)
Obozi (?)
Ocana
Odoesmades
Ohaguames
Orejones
Oydican
Paac
Paachiqui
Pabor
Pacaruja (given by Uhde, 1861)
Pachal
Pachalaque
Pachaloco
Pachaquen
Pachaug
Pacpul
Pacuaches
Pacuachiam
Paguan
Paguanan
Pajalat
Pajarito
Pakawa
Pamaque
Pamaya
Pamoranos
Pampopas
Papanac
Paquache
Parantones
Parchaque
Parchinas
Pasalves
Pasnacanes
Pasqual
Pastaloca
Pastancoyas
Pasteal
Patague
Patan
Patanium
Pataquilla (perhaps Karankawan)
Patou
Patzau
Pausanes
Pausaqui
Pausay
Payaya
Payuguan
Peana
Pelones
Pescado (?)
Piedras Blancas
Piquique
Pinanaca
Piniquu
Pintos
Pita
Pitahay
Pomuluma
Prietos
Psaupsau
Pulacuam (perhaps Tonkawan)
Putaay
Quanataguo
Quems
Quepanos
Quesal
Quide (?)
Quioborique (?)
Quisabas (?)
Quitacas
Quivi (?)
Salapaque
Salinas (?)
Samampac
Sampanal
Sanipao
Saracuam (?)
Secmoco
Semonan (?)
Senisos
Siaguan
Siansi
Sijame (perhaps
Tonkawan)
Sillanguayas
Simaomo (perhaps Tonkawan)
Sinicu
Siupam
Sonaque
Sonayan
Suahuaches (?)
Suanas
Sulujame
Tacame
Taimamares
Tamcan (?)
Tamique (?)
Tanpacuazes.
Tarequano.
Teana
Tecahuistes
Tejones
Teneinamar.
Tenicapeme.
Tepachuaches.
Tepemaca.
Terocodame.
Tet.
Tetanauoica
Tetecores
Tetzino (perhaps Tonkawan)
Tilijaes
Tinapihuayas
Tiopane (perhaps Karankawan)
Tiopines.
Tishim. (perhaps Tonkawan)
Tocas
Tonzaumacagua
Tripas Blancas
Tuancas
Tumamar
Tumpzi.
Tusanes
Tusonid
Tuteneiboica
Unojita (?)
Uracha
Utaca (?)
Venados
Vende Flechas
Viayam.
Viddaquimamar
Xarame
Xiabu
Yacdossa
Ybdacax
Yeme
Yman
Ymic
Yoricas
Ysbupue
Yuê
Yurguimes
Zorquan
As indicated, some of these were perhaps Tonkawan, Karankawan, or of other affiliations. Some were represented by single
individuals and no doubt many of the names are synonyms or have become
distorted in the process of recording. The exact nature of these groups
can now never be known. The above list does not include a great many names
given only by Cabeza de Vaca or La Salle and his companions in the same
region. The multiplicity of tribes and confusion in names is not so
serious in any other region north of Mexico.
History
The Coahuiltecan tribes were first encountered by Cabeza de Vaca
and his companions who passed through the heart of their country, and by
the Spaniards when they invaded Coahuila and founded Parral. From the
early part of the seventeenth century onward, their country was traversed
repeatedly. In 1675 the Coahuiltecan country on both sides of the Rio
Grande was invaded by Fernando del Bosque, and in 1689 and 1690 the Texas
portion was again traversed by De Leon and Manzanet. In 1677 a Franciscan
mission for Coahuiltecan tribes was established at Nadadores and before
the end of the century others were started along the Rio Grande and near
San Antonio. Great numbers of Indians were gathered into these missions
during the first part of the eighteenth century but the change of life
entailed upon roving people, disease, and the attacks of hostile tribes
from the north reduced their numbers rapidly. Today none of these Indians
are known to survive in Texas. In 1886 Dr. A. S. Gatschet found remnants
of two or three tribes on the south side of the Rio Grande and some of
their descendants, survive, but they are no longer able to speak their
ancient language.
Population
Population. Mooney (1928) estimated that in 1690 the Coahuiltecan peoples
totaled 15,000; no figures embracing all of them occur in the various
narratives.
Additional Resources
Notes About the Book:
Source: The Indian Tribes of North America, by John R. Swanton, 1953, Bureau of
American Ethnology, Bulletin 145, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC.
Online Publication: The manuscript was scanned and then ocr'd. Minimal editing
has been done, and readers can and should expect some errors in the textual
output.
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