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Coahuiltecan Indian Tribe

Coahuiltecan Tribes. The name was derived from that of the Mexican State of Coahuila, the tribes of this group having extended over the eastern part of that province as well as a portion of Texas. Also called:
   Tejano, an alternative name for the group.

     Connections. As Coahuiltecan are included all of the tribes known to have belonged to the Coahuiltecan linguistic family and some supposed on circumstantial evidence to be a part of it. It is probable that most of the so-called Tamaulipecan family of Mexico were really related to this, and that the Karankawan and Tonkawan groups were connected as well, though more remotely.

     Location. The Coahuiltecan tribes were spread over the eastern part of Coahuila, Mexico, and almost all of Texas west of San Antonio River and Cibolo Creek. The tribes of the lower Rio Grande may have belonged to a distinct family, that called by Orozco y Berra (1864) Tamaulipecan, but the Coahuiltecans reached the Gulf coast at the mouth of the Nueces. Northeast of that point they were succeeded by Karankawan tribes. Toward the north it is probable that the Coahuiltecans originally extended for a long distance before they were displaced by the Apache and Comanche. (See also Mexico.)

Subdivisions

     In considering the Coahuiltecan stock it has been found necessary to change the original plan of giving separate consideration to each tribe because we are here confronted by an enormous number of small tribal or band names, of many of which we do not know even the location. In lieu of subdivisions, therefore, we shall give as complete a list as possible of these small tribes or bands, as far as they are known. They are as follows:

Aguastayas
Alasapas
Andacaminos
Annas
Apayxam
Aranania (see above)
Asan.
Atajal.
Atastagonies.
Borrados.
Cabia.
Cacafes
Cachopostales
Camai
Cantunas
Casas
Chiquitas
Casastles
Chaguantapam
Chagustapa
Chapamaco
Chemoco
Choyapin (perhaps Tonkawan)
Chuapas
Cimataguo
Cluetau
Cocomeioje
Comecrudo
Cotonam
Cupdan
Escaba
Espopolames
Gabilan
Geies
Guanipas
Gueiquesales
Guerjuatida
Guisoles
Haeser
Hapes
Harames
Heniocane
Hiabu
Hihames 
Huacacasa
Huanes
Hume
Juamaca
Jueinzum
Juncatas
Junced
Macapao
Macocoma
Mallopeme
Mamuqui
Manam
Manico
Manos Colorados
Manos de Perro
Manos Prietas
Maquems
Maraquites
Matucar
Matuime
Maubedan
Mauyga
Mazapes
Menenquen
Mescales
Mesquites
Milijaes
Morbanas
Mulatos
Muruam
Narices
Natao
Nazas
Necpacha
Nigco (probably meant for Sinicu)
Nonapho (perhaps Tonkawan)
Obozi (?)
Ocana
Odoesmades
Ohaguames
Orejones
Oydican
Paac
Paachiqui
Pabor
Pacaruja (given by Uhde, 1861)
Pachal
Pachalaque
Pachaloco
Pachaquen
Pachaug
Pacpul
Pacuaches
Pacuachiam
Paguan
Paguanan
Pajalat
Pajarito
Pakawa
Pamaque
Pamaya
Pamoranos
Pampopas
Papanac
Paquache
Parantones
Parchaque
Parchinas
Pasalves
Pasnacanes
Pasqual
Pastaloca
Pastancoyas
Pasteal
Patague
Patan
Patanium
Pataquilla (perhaps Karankawan)
Patou
Patzau
Pausanes
Pausaqui
Pausay
Payaya
Payuguan
Peana
Pelones
Pescado (?)
Piedras Blancas
Piquique
Pinanaca
Piniquu
Pintos
Pita
Pitahay
Pomuluma
Prietos
Psaupsau
Pulacuam (perhaps Tonkawan)
Putaay
Quanataguo
Quems
Quepanos
Quesal
Quide (?)
Quioborique (?)
Quisabas (?)
Quitacas
Quivi (?)
Salapaque
Salinas (?)
Samampac
Sampanal
Sanipao
Saracuam (?)
Secmoco
Semonan (?)
Senisos
Siaguan
Siansi
Sijame (perhaps
Tonkawan)
Sillanguayas
Simaomo (perhaps Tonkawan)
Sinicu
Siupam
Sonaque
Sonayan
Suahuaches (?)
Suanas
Sulujame
Tacame
Taimamares
Tamcan (?)
Tamique (?)
Tanpacuazes.
Tarequano.
Teana
Tecahuistes
Tejones
Teneinamar.
Tenicapeme.
Tepachuaches.
Tepemaca.
Terocodame.
Tet.
Tetanauoica
Tetecores
Tetzino (perhaps Tonkawan)
Tilijaes
Tinapihuayas
Tiopane (perhaps Karankawan)
Tiopines.
Tishim. (perhaps Tonkawan)
Tocas
Tonzaumacagua
Tripas Blancas
Tuancas
Tumamar
Tumpzi.
Tusanes
Tusonid
Tuteneiboica
Unojita (?)
Uracha
Utaca (?)
Venados
Vende Flechas
Viayam.
Viddaquimamar
Xarame
Xiabu
Yacdossa
Ybdacax
Yeme
Yman
Ymic
Yoricas
Ysbupue
Yuê
Yurguimes
Zorquan

     As indicated, some of these were perhaps Tonkawan, Karankawan, or of other affiliations. Some were represented by single individuals and no doubt many of the names are synonyms or have become distorted in the process of recording. The exact nature of these groups can now never be known. The above list does not include a great many names given only by Cabeza de Vaca or La Salle and his companions in the same region. The multiplicity of tribes and confusion in names is not so serious in any other region north of Mexico.

     History. The Coahuiltecan tribes were first encountered by Cabeza de Vaca and his companions who passed through the heart of their country, and by the Spaniards when they invaded Coahuila and founded Parral. From the early part of the seventeenth century onward, their country was traversed repeatedly. In 1675 the Coahuiltecan country on both sides of the Rio Grande was invaded by Fernando del Bosque, and in 1689 and 1690 the Texas portion was again traversed by De Leon and Manzanet. In 1677 a Franciscan mission for Coahuiltecan tribes was established at Nadadores and before the end of the century others were started along the Rio Grande and near San Antonio. Great numbers of Indians were gathered into these missions during the first part of the eighteenth century but the change of life entailed upon roving people, disease, and the attacks of hostile tribes from the north reduced their numbers rapidly. Today none of these Indians are known to survive in Texas. In 1886 Dr. A. S. Gatschet found remnants of two or three tribes on the south side of the Rio Grande and some of their descendants, survive, but they are no longer able to speak their ancient language.

     Population. Mooney (1928) estimated that in 1690 the Coahuiltecan peoples totaled 15,000; no figures embracing all of them occur in the various narratives.

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