Cayuse, A Waiilatpuan tribe formerly
occupying the territory about the heads of Walla Walla, Umatilla, and
Grande Ronde Rivers and from the Blue mountains to Deschutes River in
Washington and Oregon. The tribe has always been closely associated with
the neighboring Nez Percé
and Walla Walla, and was regarded by the early explorers and writers as
belonging to the same stock. So far as the available evidence goes,
however, they must be considered linguistically independent. The Cayuse
have always been noted for their bravery, and owing largely to their
constant struggles with the Snake and other tribes, have been numerically
weak. According to Gibbs there were few pure-blood Cayuse left in 1851,
intermarriage, particularly with the Nez Percé,
having been so prevalent that even the language was falling into disuse.
In 1855 the Cayuse joined in the treaty by which the Umatilla Reservation
was formed, and since that time have resided within its limits. Their
number is officially reported as 404 in 1904; but this figure is
misleading, as careful inquiry in 1902 failed to discover a single one of
pure blood on the reservation and the language is practically extinct. The
tribe acquired wide notoriety in the early days of the white settlement of
the territory. In 1838 a mission was established among the Cayuse by
Marcus Whitman at the site of the present town of Whitman, Walla Walla
County, Wash. in 1847 smallpox carried off a large part of the tribe. The
Cayuse, believing the missionaries to be the cause, attacked them,
murdered Whitman and a number of others. and destroyed the mission. Owing
to the confusion in the early accounts it is difficult to differentiate
the Cayuse from the Nez Percé and
Walla Walla, but there is no reason to suppose that in habits and customs
they differed markedly from those tribes.
Additional Waiilatpuan Indian Resources
Cayuse Indian History
Molala Indian History
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