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Indian
Pueblos in New Mexico
Pueblo Alto (Span.: 'high village'). Two pueblo ruins, about 500 feet
apart, but both belonging to a single ancient village, situated
on the top of the mesa north of Chaco canyon, north west New Mexico, about
˝ miles north of Pueblo Bonito. The main
building is rectangular in form, facing south, the court inclosed by the usual
semicircular double wall which was really a series of one-story
apartments. The north wall is 360 ft long, the wings 200 and 170 ft, respectively. The rooms are
from 15 to 20 feet long and 8 to 12 feet wide. The walls are almost entirely thrown
down. The smaller building is about 75 feet square and much better preserved, some
second-story walls being still intact. This building contains some of the best,
plain masonry to be found in the Chaco Canyon group. There is a large circular kiva
in the small building and traces of 7 in the large one. A
quarter of a mile east of the ruins is a wall extending north and south 1,986 ft. Other walls extend
toward this from the main building but do not connect with it. Pueblo Alto is
reached from the canyon by a tortuous stairway through a narrow
crevice just back of Pueblo Bonito.
Pueblo Blanco (Span.: 'white village'). A ruined pueblo of the Tano on the south
border of the Galisteo plain, north central New Mexico.
Pueblo Blanco. A former pueblo, presumably of the Piros, on the west rim of the Médano,
or great sand-flow, east of the Rio Grande, about lat. 34° 30',
New Mexico. It was probably inhabited in historic times.
Pueblo Bonito (Span.: 'beautiful village'). The central and most
important ruin of the Chaco Canyon group in north west New Mexico. The building,
which stands within 70 ft of the north wall of the canyon, is of dark brown sandstone, semielliptical
in form. Its length east and west is 667 feet, greatest depth north and south
315 feet. It was originally, 5 stories high, there being portions of the
fifth-story wall still standing. The greatest height of standing wall at present
is 48 feet, 39 feet being above the detritus; probably half of the original walls
remain standing. The rooms are mostly rectangular, but there are many of
irregular form, semicircular, trapezoidal, elliptical, triangular, etc., owing
to
the subsequent addition of rooms to the original structure, several such
additions and remodeling being evident. In fact, no unit of original plan is
discernible, and additions seem to have been made within, without, and upward as
needed. The masonry of Pueblo Bonito ranges from plain rubble to what appears to
be ornamental mosaic in places. Every type of masonry known to Pueblo
architecture is found in this building, and not fewer than 27 circular kivas,
varying from 10 to 50 ft in diameter, have been uncovered in it. The kiva is in
every instance a circular room built within a square or rectangular one, the
space between the walls being filled with earth and masonry. In some cases the
interior of the kivas is of fine tablet masonry, alternating with bands of
larger blocks, giving an ornamental finish. The fireplaces are of the most
primitive character. The timbering is exceptionally heavy, logs 40 feet in length
and 18 inches in diameter having been found. The doorways vary from 24 by 36 to 30
by 50 inches; the lintels are straight, smooth poles about 3 inches in diameter;
windows vary from 6 by 12 to 12 by 16 inches. Extensive excavations have been made
in Pueblo Bonito by the Hyde Exploring Expedition; 'the collections found are
now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York.
Pueblo Caja del Rio. A very ancient pueblo on a rocky
bluff 3 miles north east of Cochiti, in the so-called Caja del
Rio, so named from the "boxing" of the canyon of the Rio Grande
here, in Sandoval County, New Mexico. Concerning it Bandelier
(Arch. Inst. Papers, iv, 80,1892) says:
"Whether the Tehuas [Tewa], the Tanos, or some other unknown
tribe were the builders of it I am unable to say. The people of
Cochiti disclaimed all knowledge of its former occupants. The
amount of arable land in the vicinity is sufficient; for the
population, as I. estimate it, could not have exceeded 400.
Pueblo Colorado (Span.: 'red village'). A ruined pueblo of the Tano on the south
border of the Galisteo plain, north central New Mexico.-Bandelier in Arch. Inst.
Papers, iv, 116, 1892.
Pueblo Colorado. A former pueblo, presumably, of the Piro on the west rim of the Médano,
or great sand-flow, east of the Rio Grande, about lat. 34° 30', New
Mexico. It was probably inhabited in historic
times.-Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, iv, 278, 281, 1892.
Pueblo del Alto (Span.: 'village of the height,' so called on account of its
situation above the reach of inundation). A prehistoric village, probably of the
Piro, the ruins of which lie on the east side of the Rio Grande, 6 miles south of
Belen, New Mexico. Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, iv, 237, 1892.
Pueblo de la Parida (Span.: 'village of the woman lately delivered'). A former
pueblo, presumably of the Piro, on the west run of the Médano, or great sandflow,
east of the Rio Grande, about lat. 34° 30', New Mexico. It was probably
inhabited in historic times. Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, iv, 278, 281,
1892.
Pueblo del Arroyo (Span.: 'village of the gulch'). An important ancient pueblo
less than ⅛ miles below Pueblo Bonito, in Chaco canyon,
north west New Mexico. It is on the north side of the arroyo, on its very brink, is rectangular in form, and faces
eastward. The western wall is about 270 feet long, and the 2 wings 125 and 135 feet
respectively. The extremities of the wings are connected by a semicircular
double wall, the space between being occupied by a series of rooms. Portions of
the third story wall are standing. The original height was probably 4 stories.
The heavy floor timbers, averaging about 10 inches in thickness, are still in
place. There are 2 kivas in the court, 3 built within the pueblo walls, and 4
outside the main building. The largest is 37 feet in diameter. The masonry is of
dull brown sandstone, well laid in adobe mortar.
Pueblo del Encierro (Span.: 'village of the inclosure') . A former pueblo,
probably Keresan, described as being some distance above Tashkatze, which is
opposite Cochiti, in north central New Mexico. The Tano of Santo Domingo disclaim
its former occupancy by their people.-Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, iv,
179-81, 1892.
Pueblo de los Jumanos. A former large village of the Jumano, situated
in the "Salinas" east of the Rio Grande, central New Mexico, in the vicinity of
Tabira, or the so-called Gran Quivira. The definite location of the pueblo is
not known, although it is supposed to have been situated near the base of the
elevation called Mesa de los Jumanes. In 1598 the northern division of the
Jumano occupied 4 villages in this region, but before 1629 they lived in tipis
and were seminomadic. In the latter year they were gathered in a "great pueblo"
to which the name San Isidoro was applied by the Franciscan missionaries, and
all attempt made at their conversion. The Pueblo de los Jumanos was mentioned by
Escalaute in 1778-fully a century after the abandonment of the Salinas by the
Tigua and the Piro. According to Escalante the pueblo was destroyed by the
Apache, who were the scourge of the Pueblos during this period.
Pueblo de los Silos. A large Tano village situated in the Galisteo basin,
between the Keresan pueblos of the Rio Grande and Pecos, New Mexico, in 1540; so
called by the Spaniards of Coronado's expedition because of the large
underground cellars found there stored with corn. The village had the appearance
of newness, but because of depredations by the Teya, a Plains tribe, 16 years
before, only 35 houses were inhabited, the remainder having been destroyed.
Pueblo Largo (Span.: 'long village'). A former Tano
pueblo of the compact, communal type, situated about 5 miles south of Galisteo, New Mexico. It was possibly
occupied in the 16th and the beginning of the 17th centuries.-Bandelier (1) in
Hitch, N. Mex., 201, 1885; (2) in Arch. Inst. Papers, iii, 125, 1890; iv, 106,
1892; (3) Gilded Man, 222, 1893.
Pueblo Nuevo (Span.: 'new village'). A Tepehuane pueblo in south Durango, Mexico,
near Mezquital river.-Orozco y Berra, Geog., 319, 1564.
Pueblo Pintado (Span.: 'painted village'). An important ancient pueblo ruin, of
yellowish gray sandstone, situated near the head of the Chaco wash, on the low
mesa to the south, in Chaco canyon, north west New Mexico. It is the most easterly of the
Chaco Canyon group. The building is L-shaped, the 2 wings measuring 238 feet and
174 feet, exterior measure. The extremities of the wings are connected by a row of
small apartments. The inclosed court was occupied by 2 kivas and other
semi-subterranean structures, while just outside the court is another large kiva.
The standing outer walls are still about 28 feet high; the original height was
probably about 40 feet. This ruin is surrounded by about 10 ruins of minor
pueblos, all within a mile of the main building. The surrounding region is all
absolute desert. The site is an exceedingly interesting one because of its
situation, being well toward the top of the continental divide
and likely to contain important evidences of contact with the
Pueblos of the Rio Grande drainage, particularly Jemez.
Pueblo Quemado (Span.: 'burnt village'). An abandoned pueblo of the Tano or the
Tewa, 6 miles south west of Santa Fe, New Mexico.
Pueblo Viejo (Span.: 'old village') The name given to
that portion of Gila valley from Pima to San José,
between Mt. Graham and the Bonita mountains, south Arizona, on
account of the ruins of prehistoric habitations there. The
name was earlier applied to an important ruin and later to the
settlement of San José near its site.
The books presented are for their
historical value only and are not the
opinions of the Webmasters of the site.
Handbook
of American Indians, 1906
Index of Tribes or Nations
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