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Mandan Indian
Chiefs and Leaders
Shahaka (She'-he-ke, 'Coyote' ). A Mandan chief,
more commonly known as Le Gros Blanc, or Big White; born about 1765. He
was principal chief of Metutahanke, the "Lower Village" of the Mandan, on
the Missouri below the mouth of Knife river, and rendered friendly service
to Lewis and Clark while at Ft Mandan in the winter of 1804-5, in
recognition of which he was given a medal. Brackenridge described him as a
fat man, of mild and gentle disposition, not much distinguished as a
warrior, "and extremely talkative, a fault much despised amongst the
Indians"; and, again, as "a fine looking Indian, and very intelligent, his
complexion fair, very little different from that of a white man much
exposed to the sun." When the expedition returned to the Missouri from the
Pacific, Lewis and Clark persuaded Shahaka to accompany them to St Louis
with a view of making a visit to President Jefferson, and Jefferson later
invited Lewis to visit Monticello with Shahaka for the purpose of showing
the latter his collection of Indian objects from the N. W. Shahaka
remained in the E. for a year, and while there, evidently in Philadelphia,
St Mémin made a portrait of him with
the aid of a physionotrace, the original of which now belongs to the
American Philosophical Society of Philadelphia. Shahaka left St Louis for
his home in May 1807, the party consisting of himself and his squaw, man
interpreter, Rene Jessaume, with their wives and one child each, escorted
by 2 noncommissioned officers and 11 privates under the command of Ensign
Nathaniel Pryor, who, as a sergeant, had accompanied the expedition of
Lewis and Clark. There ascended the Missouri at the same time a deputation
of 24 Sioux, including 6 children, who were provided with a separate
escort; and also 2 trading parties, one of which, consisting of 32 men
under Pierre Chouteau, was designed to traffic with the Mandan. The
expedition proceeded slowly up the Missouri, reaching the lower Arikara
village on Sept. 9, where it was learned that the Mandan and the Arikara
were at war. The demand of the chief of the upper Arikara village that
Shahaka go ashore with him being refused, the Indians became insolent and
aggressive, and afterward opened fire on the boats, which was returned.
Pryor then ordered a retreat downstream, but the Indians followed along
shore, killing one of the Sioux, mortally wounding one of Chouteau's men,
and wounding several others, including Jessaume. Pryor now proposed to
Shahaka that they attempt to cover the rest of the distance about 3 days'
journey-by land, but this the Mandan refused to do on account of the
encumbrance of the women and children and the wounded condition of their
interpreter, whereupon the party returned to St Louis. By an agreement
entered into with the Missouri Fur Co. in the spring of 1808 for the safe
conduct of the Indians to their home, another expedition, consisting of
about 150 men having Shahaka and his companions in charge, started from St
Louis about the middle of May 1809, and although the Sioux at first showed
a disposition to be troublesome the Arikara were found to be friendly and
the party reached its destination Sept. 24, laden with presents. Shahaka
fell into disrepute among his people by reason of what were regarded as
extravagant tales of his experiences among the whites. He was killed in a
fight with the Sioux on an occasion when he went out to watch his people
drive them off. Shahaka's wife was Yellow Corn; his son was White Painted
House, whose son was Tobacco, whose son (Shahaka's great grandson) is Gun
that Guards the House, who is still living and who preserves, with
Shahaka's medal bearing date 1797, the story of his great grandfather's
exploits.
The books presented are for their
historical value only and are not the
opinions of the Webmasters of the site.
Handbook
of American Indians, 1906
Index of Tribes or Nations
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