Most of the tribes listed on this page do not have a
connection to a larger tribe. We list them here so you can find some
information on their history. For a complete listing of our 700 plus
tribes visit Indian History page
Huma (red). A
Choctaw tribe living during the earlier period of the French
colonization of Louisiana, 7 leagues above Red river on the east
bank of the Mississippi, their settlement in 1699 containing 140
cabins and 350 families. A red pole marked the boundary
between them ad the
Bayogoula on the south. In 1706 the Tonika fled to
them from the Chickasaw,
but later rose against them and killed more than half, after
which the remainder established themselves near the site of New
Orleans. later they lived along Bayou La Fourche and in
the neighborhood of the present Houma, Louisiana, which bears
their name. They are now supposed to be extinct.
Tangipahoa
(from tandshi,'maize'; apa, 'stalk,'
'cob'; ava, 'to gather': 'those who gather maize stalks
or cobs.' Wright. Pénicat explains
the river name Tandgepao erroneously as 'white wheat or
corn' ). An extinct tribe, supposed to be Muskhogean, formerly
living on the lower Mississippi and on Tangipahoa river, which
flows south into Lake Pontchartrain, south east Louisiana. Tonti
mentions this people as residing, in 1682, on the Mississippi,
12 leagues from the. Quinipissa village; but, according to
Iberville (Margry, Dec., iv, 168, 1880),
the Bayogoula
informed him that the Tangipahoa had never lived on the
Mississippi; nevertheless both statements agree in making their
town one of the 7 villages of the Acolapissa. When La Salle
reached their village he found that it had recently been burned,
and saw dead bodies lying on one another. According to the
information given Iberville by the Bayogoula,, the village had
been destroyed by the Huma. Nothing definite is known of the
language and affinities of the tribe, but their apparent
relations with the Acolapissa indicate Muskhogean affinity.
Their village was one of those said to belong to the Acolapissa.
Tawasa (Alibamu: Tawáha).
A Muskhogean tribe first referred to by the De Soto chroniclers in the middle of
the 16th century as Toasi and located in the neighborhood of Tallapoosa river.
Subsequently they moved south east and constituted one of the tribes to which
the name "Apalachicola" was given by the Spaniards. About 1705 attacks by the
Alibamu and Creeks
compelled them to leave this region also and to seek protection near the French
fort at Mobile. In 1707 the Pascagoula declared war against them, but peace was
made through the intervention of Bienville. From this time the tribe ceased to
be noted by French chroniclers, and at the close of the century it reappears as
one of the four Alibamu towns, from which it seems likely that the Tawasa had
allied or re-allied themselves with the Alibamu after the disturbance just
alluded to. Their subsequent history is probably the same as that of the
Alibamu
Arkokisa. A people
formerly living in villages chiefly along lower Trinity river,
Texas. The Spanish presidio of San Agustin de Ahumada was
founded among them in 1756, and 50 Tiascaltec families from
south Mexico were settled there, but the post was abandoned in
1772. They were allied with the Aranama and the Attacapa, and
were on friendly terms also with the
Bidai, but their linguistic affinity is not known. According
to Sibley they numbered about 80 men in 1760-70 and subsisted
principally on shellfish and fruits, and in 1805 their principal
town was on the west side of Colorado river of Texas, about 200
miles south west of Nacogdoches. They had another village north
of this, between the Neches and the Sabine, nearer the coast
than the villages of the Adai. Sibley speaks of the Arkokisa as
migratory, but they could not always have been entitled to that
characterization. It is probable that, owing to the conditions
incident to the intrusion of the white race, the people became
demoralized; their tribal relations were broken up, their
numbers decimated by disease, and the remnant of them was
finally scattered and disorganized. Of their habits very little
is known; their language seems to have been distinct from that
of their neighbors, with whom they conversed by signs.
Yazoo (meaning unknown). All extinct tribe and village formerly on lower
Yazoo river, Mississippi, Like all the other tribes on this stream, the Yazoo
were small in number. The people were always closely associated
with the
Koroa, whom they resembled in employing all r in speaking,
unlike most of the neighboring tribes. The French in 1718 erected a fort 4 leagues from the
mouth of Yazoo river to
guard that stream, which formed the waterway to the Chickasaw country, In 1729,
in imitation of the Natchez, the Yazoo and
Koroa rose against the French and
destroyed the fort, but both tribes were finally expelled (Shea, Cath. Miss.,
430, 449, 1855) and probably united with the
Chickasaw and
Choctaw. Whether this
tribe had any connection with the West Yazoo and East Yazoo
towns among the Choctaw is not known.
Yamel. A Kalapooian tribe formerly
living on Yamhill creek, a west tributary of the Willamette in Oregon. They are now
under the Siletz school and numbered only 5 in 1910. The following were their
bands as ascertained by Gatschet in 1877: Andshankualth, Andshimmampak,
Chamifuamim, Chamiwi, Champikle, Chinchal.
Yana. A tribe, constituting a distinct linguistic family, formerly occupying the
territory from Round mountains near Pit river, Shasta County, to Deer creek, Tehama
County, California.
The west boundary was about 10 miles east of Sacramento river, both banks of that stream
being held by the Wintun, with whom the Yana were frequently at war. The east
boundary extended along the spurs running out to the north and south from Lassen
butte. In Aug. 1864 the neighboring miners organized a massacre of the whole
tribe, then numbering about 3,000, of whom all but about 50 were slaughtered in
the course of a few days. In 1902 Dixon reported only about half a dozen
remaining. A number of their myths have been recorded by Curtin.
Yampa. A division of Ute formerly
living in east Utah on and about Green and
Grand rivers. In 1849 they occupied 500
lodges. The name does not appear in recent official reports, and the original
Yampa are included under the term White River Ute. The Akanaquint arid Grand
River Ute to were bands of this division.
Yodok. A former Maidu village on the
east bank of American river, just below the
junction of South fork, Sacramento County, California.
Yonkalla. The southernmost Kalapooian tribe, formerly living on Elk and
Calapooya creeks, tributaries of Umpqua river, Oregon. According to Gatschet
there were two bands, called Chayankeld and Tsantokau by the Lakmiut, but it seems likely
that the former name (Tch' Ayankē'ld) is merely the native tribal name. The
tribe is probably extinct.
Yahuskin. A Shoshonean band which prior to 1864 roved and hunted with the
Walpapi about the shores of Goose, Silver, Warner, and Harney lakes, Oregon, and
temporarily in Surprise valley and Klamath marsh, where they gathered
wokas for
food. They came specially into notice in 1864, on Oct. 14 of which year they
became party to the treaty of Klamath lake by which their territory was ceded to
the United States and they were placed on
Klamath
Reservation, established at that
time. With the Walpapi and a few Paiute who had joined them, the Yahuskin were
assigned lands in the southern part of the reservation, on Sprague river about Yainax, where the have since resided, although through intermarriage with other
Indians on the reservation their tribal identity became lost by 1898, since
which time they have been officially designated as Paiute. Gatschet, who visited
them about 1884, says they were then engaged in agriculture, lived in willow
lodges and log houses, and were gradually abandoning their roaming proclivities.
The Yahuskin have always been officially enumerated with the Walpapi, the
aggregate population varying between 1877 and 1891 from 135 to 166 persons. In
1909 they were reported at
103.
Walapai (Xawálapáya,
'pine tree folk.'--Harrington). A Yuman tribe originally living
on middle Colorado river, above the
Mohave tribe, from the
great bend eastward, well into the interior chiefly by the chase
and on roots and seeds. They are said to have been brave and
enterprising, but physically inferior to the Mohave. The
Havasupai, who are an offshoot, speak a closely-related
language. The Walapai numbered 728 in 1889, 631 in 1897, and 498
in 1910. They are under the administration of a school
superintendent on the Walapaire,. of 730,880 acres in north west
Arizona, and are making little progress in civilization. They
cultivated only 57 acres during 1904, but owned 2,000 horses.
The name Santa Margarita was applied by the Spaniards to one of
their rancherias.
Quinaielt. A
Salish tribe on Quinaielt river, Washington and along the cost
between the Quileute and the Quaitso on the north (the latter of
which probably formed a part of the tribe), and the Chehalis on
the south. Lewis and Clark described them in two
divisions, the Calasthocle and the Quiniilt, with 100 and 1,000
population, respectively. In 1909 they numbered 156, under
the Puyallup school superintendency. Fro their treaty with the
United States, see Quileute.
