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Indian Tribal
History
Most of the tribes listed on this page do not have a
connection to a larger tribe. We list them here so you can find some
information on their history. For a complete listing of our 700 plus
tribes visit Indian History page
Coconoon. A Yokuts tribe of California, said by Johnston in 1851
(Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, Iv, 413, 1854) to "live on the
Merced river, with other bands, under their chief Nuella. There are the remnants
of 3 distinct bands residing together, each originally speaking of a different
language. The aged people have difficulty in understanding each other." The
vocabulary given by Johnston is Yokuts. Merced river is, however, otherwise
known to have been inhabited only by Moquelumnan tribes. The Coconoon are also
mentioned by Royce (18th Rep. B. A. E., 780), together
with 5 other tribes from Tuolumne and Merced rivers. (all of which were
undoubtedly Moquelumnan), as ceding all their lands, by treaty of Mar. 19, 1851,
excepting a tract between the Tuolumne and the Merced. If these statements about
the Coconoon are correct, they constituted a small detached division of the
Mariposan family situated among Moquelumnan groups midway between the main body
of the stock to the south and the Cholovone to the north west.
Clackama. A
Chinookan tribe formerly occupying several villages on Clackamas
Alaska river, in Clackamas County, Oregon. In 1806 Lewis and Clark estimated
their number at 1,800; in 1851 their number was placed at 88, and at that time
they claimed the country on the east side of Willamette river from a few miles
above its mouth nearly to Oregon City and east as far as the Cascade Mountains.
This territory they ceded to the United States by the Dayton treaty of 1855, and
later they were removed to
Grande Ronde reservation, Oregon, where they are said
to number about 60.
Cowichan A group of
Salish tribes speaking a single dialect and occupying
the south east coast of Vancouver island between Nonoos bay and Sanitch inlet,
and the valley of lower Fraser river nearly to Spuzzum, Brit. Col. The various
bands and tribes belonging to this group aggregated 2,991 in 1902. The following
list of Cowichan tribes is based on information obtained from Boas: On Vancouver
island, Clemclemalats, Comiakin, Hellelt, Kenipsim, Kilpanlus, Koksilah,
Kulleets,
Lilmalche, Malakut, Nanaimo, Penelakut, Quamichan, Siccameen, Snonowas, Somenos,
Tateke, and Yekolaos. On lower Fraser river, Chehalis, Chilliwack, Coquitlam,
Ewawoos, Katsey, Kelatl, Kwantlin, Matsqui, Musqueam, Nicomen, Ohamil, Pilalt,
Popkum, Scowlitz, Siyita, Sewathen, Snonkweametl, Skawawalooks, Squawtits,
Sumass, Tait, Tsakuam, and Tsenes.
Cowlitz. A Salish tribe formerly on the river of the same name in south west
Washington. Once numerous and powerful, they were said by Gibbs in 1853 to be
insignificant, numbering with the Upper
Chehalis, with whom they, were mingled,
not more than 165. About 1887 there were 127 on
Puyallup Rervation, Wash. They are no
longer known by this name, being evidently officially classed as Chehalis.
Clatsop (Lā'k!ēlak,
'dried Salmon.' boas). A
Chinookan tribe formerly about C.
Adams on the south side of the Columbia River and extending up
the river as far as Tongue Point and south along the coast to
Tillamook Head, Oregon. In 1806 their number, according to
Lewis and Clark, was 200, in 14 houses. In 1875 a few
Clatsop were found living near Salmon River and were removed to
Grande Ronde Reservation in Oregon. The language is not
practically extinct, and the remnant of the the tribe has been
almost wholly absorbed by neighboring groups. The villages
of the Clatsop, so far as known, were Konope, Neacoxy, Neahkeluk,
Niakewankih, Neahkstowt and Necotat.
Hoh.
A band of the Quileute living at the mouth of Hoh River, about
15 miles south of Lapush, the main seat of the tribe on the west
coast of Washington. They are under the jurisdiction of
the Neah Bay agency. Population 62 in 1905.
Kalispel (popularly
known as Pend d'Oreilles, 'ear drops'). A
Salish tribe around the
lake and along the river of the same name in the extreme north
part of Idaho and north east Washington. Gibbs divided them into
the Kalispelms or Pend d'Oreilles of the Lower Lake and the
Slka-tkml-schi or Pend d'Oreilles of the Upper Lake, and
according to Dr Dart the former numbered 520 in 1851, the latter
480 (Pac. R. R. Rep. 1, 415, 1855).
McVickar (Hist. Exped. Lewis and Clark, 11, 386,
note, 1842) made three divisions: Upper Pend d'Oreilles,
Lower Pend d'Oreilles, and Micksucksealton. Lewis and Clark
estimated their number at 1,600 in 30 lodges in 1805. In 1905
there were 640 Upper Pend d'Oreilles and 197 Kalispel under the
Flathead agency, Mont., and 98 Kalispel under the Colville
agency, Wash. The subdivisions, being seldom referred to, are
disregarded in the synonymy.
Kuitsh. A small
Yakonan tribe formerly living on lower Umpqua river, western
Oregon. A few survivors are on the
Siletz
Reservation. According to Dorsey the former villages of the
Kuitsh were Tsalila, Misun, Takhaiya, Chukhuiyathl, Chukukh,
Thukhita, Tsunakthimittha, Ntsiyamis, Khuwaihus, Skakhaus,
Chupichnushkuch, Kaiyuwuntsunitthai, Tsiakhaus, Piauiyunitthai,
Tsetthim, Wuituthlaa, Paiuiyunitthi, Tsetthim, Wuituthlas,
Chitlatmus, Kuilitsh, Tkimeye, Mikulitsh and Kthae.
Manso (Span; 'mild') A
former sedentary tribe on the Mexican frontier, near El Paso,
Tex., who, before the coming of the Spaniards, had changed their
former solid mode of building for habitations constructed of
reeds and wood. Their mode of government and system of kinship
were found to be the same as those of the Pueblos proper-the
Tigurites, Piros, and Tewa, from whom their rites and traditions
clearly prove them to have come. They are divided into at least
four clans-Blue, White, Yellow, and Red corn, and there are also
traces of two Water clans. This system of clanship, however, is
doubtful, since it bears close resemblance to that of the Tigua,
with whom the Mansos have extensively extinct. intermarried.
According to Bandelier it is certain that the Manses
formerly lived on the lower Rio Grande in New Mexico, about
Mesilla alley, in the vicinity of the present Las Cruces, and
were settled at El Paso in 1659 by Fray Garcia de San Francisco,
who founded among them the mission of Nuestra Señora
de Guadalupe de los Mansos, the church edifice being dedicated
in 1668. At this date the mission is reported by Vetancurt
(Teatro Mex., iii, 309, 1871) to have
contained upward of 1,000 parishioners. About their idiom
nothing is known. They have the same officers as the Pueblos,
and, although reduced to a dozen families, maintain their
organization and some of their rites and dances, which are very
similar to those of the northern Pueblo peoples, whom the Mansos
recognize as their relatives. They are now associated with the
Tigua and Piros in the same town.
The term "manso" has also been applied by the Spaniards
in a general sense to designate any subjugated Indians.
(See Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Rep., v, 50, 1884;
Arch. Inst. Papers, ni, 86, 165-68, 248, 1890; iv, 348-49,1892.)
Mugulasha. A
former tribe, related to the
Choctaw, living on the w. bank of the Mississippi, 64
leagues from the sea, in a village with the Bayogoula, whose
language they spoke. They are said variously to have been the
tribe called Quinipissa by La Salle and Tonti, and encountered
by them some distance lower down the river, or to have received
the remnants of that tribe reduced by disease. At all events
their chief was chief over the Quinipissa when La Salle and
Tonti encountered them. In January or February, 1700, the
Bayogoula attacked the Mugulasha and killed nearly all of them.
The name has a generic signification, 'opposite people'
Imuklasha in Choctaw and was applied to other tribes, as
Muklassa among the Creeks and
West Imongolasha on Chickasawhay river, and it is sometimes
difficult to distinguish the various bodies one from another.
Among the Choctaw it usually refers to people of the opposite
phratry from that to which the speaker belongs.
Index of Tribes or Nations
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