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Kiowa Indian Tribe
Location
Kiowa. Signifying (in their own language) "principal people."
Also called:
Bc'shlltchă., Kiowa Apache name.
Datlŭmpa'ta, Hidatsa name, perhaps a form of Wi'tapähä'tu below.
Gahe'wa, Wichita and Kichai name.
Ko'mpabi'ŭnta, Kiowa name, meaning "large tipi flaps."
Kwŭ'da, old name
for themselves, meaning "going out."
Manrhoat, mentioned by La Salle,
perhaps this tribe.
Na'la'ni, Navaho name, including southern plains tribes generally, but particularly the Comanche and Kiowa.
Nǐ'chihině'na, Arapaho name, meaning "river man."
Quichuan, given by La
Harpe (1831) and probably this tribe.
Te'pdă', ancient name for
themselves, meaning "coming out."
Tepki'nägo, own name, meaning "people
coming out."
Tideing Indians, Lewis and Clark (1904-5).
Vi'täpätúi, name
used by the Sutaio.
Wi'tapahatu, Dakota name, meaning "island butte people." (The Cheyenne name was similar.)
Connections
Though long considered a separate
linguistic stock, the researches of J. P. Harrington make it evident that the
Kiowa were connected with the Tanoan stock as the Kiowa-Tanoan stock and
probably with the Shoshonean stock also.
Location
The best-known historic location
of these people was a plot of territory including contiguous parts of Oklahoma,
Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas. (See also Montana,
Nebraska,
South Dakota, and
Wyoming.)
Subdivisions
The bands constituting their camp circle, beginning on the east and
passing round by the south were:
Kata,
Kogui,
Kaigwu,
Kingep,
Semat (i. e., Apache),
Kongtalyui.
History
According to tradition, the Kiowa
at one time lived at the head of Missouri River near the present Virginia City.
Later they moved down from the mountains and formed an alliance with the
Crows but were gradually
forced south by the Arapaho and
Cheyenne, while the Dakota claim to have
driven them from the Black Hills. They made peace with the Arapaho and
Cheyenne in 1840 and afterward acted with them. When they reached the Arkansas, they found the land
south of it claimed by the Comanche. These people were at first hostile,
but after a time peace was made between the two tribes, the Kiowa passed
on toward the south, and the two ever after acted as allies. Together they
constantly raided Mexican territory, advancing as far south as Durango.
The Kiowa were among the most bitter enemies of the Americans. They were
placed on a reservation in southwestern Oklahoma in 1868 along with the
Comanche and Kiowa Apache and have now been allotted lands in severalty.
Population
Mooney (1928) estimates that
there were 2,000 in 1780. In 1905 their population was 1,165; the census of 1910
gave it as 1,126, and the United States Indian Office Report for 1923, 1,679.
including the Kiowa Apache. The census of 1930 returned 1,050, but in 1937 the
United States Office of Indian Affairs reported 2,263.
Connection in which they have become noted
The Kiowa were one of the leading
tribes on the southern Plains and were surpassed only by the Comanche and Apache
in the raids which they undertook into Mexico. The name has become affixed to
counties in Colorado and Kansas, a creek in Colorado; and small places in Barber
County, Kans.; Pittsburg County, Okla.; and Elbert County, Colo.
Resources:
Notes About the Book:
Source: The Indian Tribes of North America, by John R. Swanton, 1953, Bureau of
American Ethnology, Bulletin 145, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC.
Online Publication: The manuscript was scanned and then ocr'd. Minimal editing
has been done, and readers can and should expect some errors in the textual
output.
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