While we know our northern friends may not feel it, in the South, Spring is
here. So we thought we'd share a few of our gardening sites appropriate
for this time of the year. Along with gardening, there's grilling, and getting
ready to diet so that you can fit back into that bathing suit this summer!
1. The cession at the mouth
of Chicago River, by treaty of August 3,
1795, was also included within the limits of
a subsequent cession made by treaty of
August 24, 1816, with the Ottawas, Chippewas,
and Pottawatomies.
2. The cession at the mouth of the Illinois
River, by treaty of 1795, was overlapped by
the Kaskaskia cession of 1803, again by the
Sac and Fox cession of 1804, and a third
time by the Kickapoo cession of 1819.
3. The cession at "Old Peoria Fort, or
village," by treaty of 1795, was also
overlapped in like manner with the last
preceding one.
4. The cessions of 1795 at Fort Massac and
at Great Salt Spring are within the
subsequent cession by the Kaskaskias of
1803.
5. The cession of August 13, 1803, by the
Kaskaskias, as ratified and enlarged by the
Kaskaskias and Peorias September 25, 1818,
overlaps the several sessions by previous
treaty of 1795 at the mouth of the Illinois
River, at Great Salt Spring, at Fort Massac,
and at Old Peoria Fort, and is in turn
overlapped by subsequent cessions of July
30, and August 30, 1819, by the Kickapoos
and by the Pottawatomie cession of October
20, 1832.
6. The Sac and Fox cession of November 3,
1804 (partly in Missouri and Wisconsin)
overlaps the cessions of 1795 at the mouth
of the Illinois River and at Old Peoria
Fort. It is overlapped by two Chippewa,
Ottawa, and Pottawatomie cessions of July
29, 1829, the Winnebago cessions of August
1, 1829, and September 1, 1832, and by the
Chippewa, Ottawa, and Pottawatomie cession
of September 26, 1833.
7. The Piankeshaw cession of December 30,
1805, is overlapped by the Kickapoo cession
of 1819.
8. The Ottawa, Chippewa, and Pottawatomie
cession of August 24, 1816, overlaps the
cession of 1795 around Chicago.
9. The cession of October 2, 1818, by the
Pottawatomies (partly in Indiana), is
overlapped by the subsequent cession of
1819, by the Kickapoos.
10. The combined cessions of July 30, and
August 30, 1819, by the Kickapoos (partly in
Indiana), overlap the cessions of 1795 at
the mouth of the Illinois River and at Old
Fort Peoria; also the Kaskaskia and Peoria
cessions of 1803 and 1818, the Piankeshaw
cession of 1805, and the Pottawatomie
cession of October 2, 1818, and are
overlapped by the subsequent Pottawatomie
cession of October 20, 1832.
11. Two cessions were made by the Chippewas,
Ottawas and Pottawatomies by treaty of July
29, 1829 (partly located in Wisconsin), one
of which is entirely and the other largely
within the limits of the country previously
ceded by the Sacs and Foxes, November 3,
1804.
12. The Winnebago cession of August 1, 1829
(which is partly in Wisconsin), is also
wholly within the limits of the aforesaid
Sac and Fox cession of 1804.
13. Cession by the Winnebagoes September 15,
1832, which is mostly in the State of
Wisconsin and which was also within the
limits of the Sac and Fox cession of 1804.
14. Pottawatomie cession of October 20,
1832, which overlaps the Kaskaskia and
Peoria cession of August 13, 1803, as
confirmed and enlarged September 25, 1818,
and also the Kickapoo cession by treaties of
July 30 and August 30, 1819.
From this it will be seen that almost the
entire country comprising the present State
of Illinois was the subject of controversy
in the matter of original ownership, and
that the United States, in order fully to
extinguish the Indian claim thereto,
actually bought it twice, and some portions
of it three times. It is proper, however, to
add in this connection that where the
government at the date of a purchase from
one tribe was aware of an existing claim to
the same region by another tribe, it had the
effect of diminishing the price paid.
