While we know our northern friends may not feel it, in the South, Spring is
here. So we thought we'd share a few of our gardening sites appropriate
for this time of the year. Along with gardening, there's grilling, and getting
ready to diet so that you can fit back into that bathing suit this summer!
H New Mexico Indian
Villages, Towns and Settlements
A complete listing of all the Indian
villages, towns and settlements as listed in Handbook of Americans North of
Mexico.
Haatze (Queres: 'earth'). A prehistoric pueblo of the
Cochiti near the foot of the Sierra San Miguel, above Cochiti pueblo, N. Mex. It
is claimed to have been occupied after the abandonment of the Potrero de las
Vacas. Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papery, iv, 157, 1892.
Hachos (prob. Span.: a fagot or bundle of straw or
grass covered with resin) Mentioned as a wild tribe of New Mexico in the 18th
century. Villa-Señor, Theatre Am., pt, 2,
412, 1748.
Halona (Hálona I′tiwana,
'middle place of happy fortune', 'middle ant-hill of the world', 'the ant-hill
at the navel of the Earth Mother'. Gushing). A former pueblo of the
Zuni and one of the Seven Cities of Cibola of the early Spanish chroniclers,
said to have been situated on both sides of Zuni r., on and opposite the site of
the present Zuni pueblo, w. N. Mex. Only the mound on the s. side of the stream
is now traceable, and a part of this is occupied by modern buildings erected by
white people. While there seems to be no question that Halona was inhabited by
the Zuni at the time of Coronado in 1540, it was not mentioned by name until
Nov. 9, 1598, when the Zuni made a vow of obedience and vassalage to Spain at
Hawikuh, Halona being designated as Halonagu (Halonakwin,
'Halona-place'). A Franciscan mission was established there in 1629, but the
murder by the Zuni of their missionary in 1632 impelled the Indians to flee for
protection to Thunder mtn., a mesa 3 m. away, where they remained for about 3
years. " The mission was rehabilitated some time after 1643, and continued until
the Pueblo outbreak of Aug., 1680, when the Zuni murdered Fray Juan de Bal, the
Halona missionary, and burned the church. The Zuni again fled to Thunder mtn.,
where they remained until after the reconquest by Diego de Vargas in 1692.
Meanwhile the pueblos in the valley, including Halona, had fallen in decay, and
none of them was rebuilt, The present village of Zuni was reared on the N. bank
of Zuni r., partly on the site of Halona, about the close of the 17th century.
The population of Halona at the time of the revolt of 1680 was about 1,500, and
Matsaki and Kiakima were visitas of its mission. See Bancroft, Ariz, and N.
Mex., 1889; Bandelier (1) Doc. Hist. Zuni Tribe, in Jour. Am. Eth. and
Arch., in, 1892, (2) in Arch. lust. Papers, in, iv, 1890-92; Gushing,
Zuni Creation Myths, 13th Rep. B. A. E., 1896; Vetancurt in Teatro
Am., repr. 1871. (F. W. H.)
Hampasawan ('tented village', from hampone,
'tent') A former Zuni pueblo, the ruins of which are still visible 6 m. w. of
the present Zuni, Valencia co., N. Mex. Regarded by Gushing as probably one of
the seven cities of Cibola. See Mindeleff in 8th Rep. B. A. E., 83, 1891.
Hanut Cochiti (haunt, 'above', + Cochiti, q.
v.). The sixth town successively occupied by the people of Cochiti; situated
about 12 m. N. w. of Cochiti pueblo, in the Potrero Viejo, N. Mex.
Hasatch (place to the east). A former summer village of
the Lagunas, now a permanently occupied pueblo; situated 3 m. E. of Laguna
pueblo, N. Mex.
Hatsinawan (hawe 'leaves', tsinawe 'marks',
'paintings', wan 'place of'': 'town of the (fossil?) leaf-marks'. Cushing). A
ruined pueblo formerly inhabited by the Zuni, situated N. N. w. of Hawikuh and
s. w. of the present Zuni pueblo, N. Mex. Gushing, inf'n, 1891.
Heashkowa. A prehistoric pueblo of the Red Corn
(Kukinish-yaka) clan of Acoma, situated at the foot of a mesa about 2 m. s. e.
of the present Acoma pueblo, N. Mex. According to tradition it was built by the
Red Corn clan when the tribe entered its present valley from the N. and settled
at Tapitsiama. it is said that when the village was abandoned some of the
inhabitants joined the main body of the tribe while the remainder migrated
southward.
Heshokta (ancient town of the cliffs). A ruined pueblo,
formerly inhabited by the Zuni, on a mesa about 5 m. N. w. of Zuni pueblo, N.
Mex. Cf. Shopakia.
Heshota Ayahltona (ancient buildings above). The ruins
of a group of stone houses on the summit of Taaiyalana, or Seed mtn., commonly
called Thunder mtn., about 4 m. s. E. of Zuni pueblo, N. Mex. This mesa has been
a place of refuge for the Zuni at various periods since they have been known to
history, Coronado, mentioning it as such, although not by name, in 1540. In
1632, after having killed their first missionary, the Zuni fled to the heights,
remaining there until 1635. The ruined pueblo now to be seen on the summit was
built probably about 1680, on the site of the ancient fortifications alluded to
by Coronado, as a refuge against Spanish invasion during the Pueblo revolt of
that year, when the villages in the valley below those that remained of the
Seven Cities of Cibola were abandoned. The tribe doubtless occupied this
stronghold uninterruptedly for at least 12 years during the Pueblo revolt, being
found there by Vargas in 1692. In 1703 the Zuni again fled to their mesa
village, after having killed 4 Spanish soldiers. This time they remained until
1705, when they returned to the valley and began to build the present Zuni
pueblo on a part of the site of Halona. The ruins of Heshota Ayahltona have been
mistakenly regarded by some writers as the ancient Cibola, hence are often noted
on maps as Old Zuni. See Mindeleff in 8th Rep. B. A. E., 89, 1891;
Bandelier (1) in Arch. Inst. Papers, in, 134, 1890; iv, 335, 1892, (2)
Doc. Hist. Zuni, in Jour. Am. Ethnol. and Archreol., in, 1892; Gushing,
Zuni Creation Myths, in 13th Rep. B. A. E., 1896; Winship, Coronado
Exped., in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 1896. (F. W. H.)
Heshota Hluptsina (Héshota-‘hlúp-tsina,
'ancient village of the yellow rocks'). A prehistoric ruined stone pueblo of the
Zuni, situated between the "gateway" and the summer village of Pescado, 7 m. E.
of Zuni pueblo, N. Mex. (F. W. H.)
Heshota Imkoskwin (ancient town surrounded by
mountains). A ruined pueblo near Tawyakwin, or Nutria, anciently occupied by the
northern clans of the Zuni. Cushing, inf'n, 1891.
Heshota Uhla (Héshota-ú‘hla,
ancient town of the embrasure). A prehistoric ruined stone pueblo of the
elliptical type, supposed to be of Zuni origin ; situated at the base of a mesa
on Zuni r., about 5 m. w r .of the Zuni summer village of Ojo Pescado, or
Heshotatsina, N. Mex. So named, according to Cushing, because it was embraced by
hills, and by the turn of a northern trail. (F. W. H.)
Hlauhla (‘Hla′-u‘hla,
'surrounded by arrow-shaft bushes'). The ruins of a small but traditionally
important Zuni pueblo near a small spring about 10 m. N. N. E. of Zuni, N. Mex.
(F. H. C.)
Hlaukwima (‘Hlaukwi′ma).
The native name of the South town of Taos pueblo, N. Mex. (F. W. H.)
Hlauuma (‘Hlauu′ma).
The native name of the North town of Taos pueblo, N. Mex. (F. W. H.)
Hohota. Mentioned by Onate (Doc. Ined., xvi, 113,
1871) as a pueblo of New Mexico in 1598; at that time doubtless situated in
the country of the Salinas, in the vicinity of Abo, E. of the Rio Grande, and
evidently occupied by the Tigua or the Piros. (F. W .H.)
Homayo. A large ruined pueblo of the Tewa on the w.
bank of Rio Ojo Caliente, a small w. tributary of the Rio Grande, in Rio Arriba
co., N. Mex. See Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, iv, 37, 1892; Hewett in
Bull. 32, B. A. E., 39, 1906.
Howiri. A ruined pueblo, formerly occupied by the Tewa,
at the Rito Colorado, about 10 m. w. of the Hot Springs, near Abiquiu, Rio
Arriba co., N. Mex. See Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, in, 61, 1890; iv,
22, 1892; Hewett in Bull. 32, B. A. E., 40, 1906.
Huashpatzena (huashpa = 'dance-kilt'). A pueblo
occupied after 1605 by the ancestors of the inhabitants of Santo Domingo pueblo,
near the present site of the latter, on the E. bank of the Rio Grande, N.
central New Mexico. The pueblo was erected after the destruction, by a freshet,
of the second Gipuy (q. v.) to the eastward. A part of Huashpatzena was also
carried away by flood, compel ling the villagers to move farther east, where
they built the pueblo of Kiua the present Santo Domingo, q. v.
Huertas (Las Huertas; Span.: 'the orchards or
kitchen gardens'). A cluster of ruined pueblos 4 m. below Socorro, N. Mex. (Abert
in Emory, Recon., 495, 1848); probably originally inhabited by the Piros.
Hungopavi (Navaho: crooked nose ). An important pueblo
ruin 2 in. above Pueblo Bonito, on the N. side of Chaco canyon, at the base of
the canyon wall, in N. w. New Mexico. It is built around 3 sides of a court, the
extremities of the wings being connected by a semicircular double wall and the
space between these walls divided into rooms. The length of the main building is
309 ft; of the 2 wings, 136 ft each. The building was 4 stories high. There is a
circular kiva in the court and another enclosed within the walls of the main
building. The one in closed is 23 ft in diameter. The masonry of Hungopavi is
exceptionally good; the material is fine-grained, grayish-yellow sandstone,
compactly laid in thin mud mortar. The exterior walls of the first story are 3
ft thick. Walls still stand to a height of 30 ft, and deterioration has
proceeded very slowly since the ruin was first described. See Hardacre in Scribner
s Mag., Dec. 1878; Jackson in 10th Rep. Hayden Surv., 438, 1879. (E.
L. H.)
This site
includes some historical materials that may imply negative stereotypes
reflecting the culture or language of a particular period or place. These
items are presented as part of the historical record and should not be
interpreted to mean that the WebMasters in any way endorse the stereotypes
implied .
Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, Frederick Webb Hodge, 1906
