While we know our northern friends may not feel it, in the South, Spring is
here. So we thought we'd share a few of our gardening sites appropriate
for this time of the year. Along with gardening, there's grilling, and getting
ready to diet so that you can fit back into that bathing suit this summer!
The Sacs, Sauk, or Saukie, as it has been variously writ ten a word meaning
white clay and the Foxes, or Outagamie, or more properly the Musquakkink, (Red
Clay), are now as one tribe. They were first discovered settled about Green Bay,
Wis., but their possessions extended westward, so that the larger part was
beyond the Mississippi. They partly subdued and admitted into their alliance the
Iowa, a Dakota tribe. By 1804 they had ceded all their lands east of the
Mississippi, and settled on the Des Moines River, moving subsequently to the
Osage, and most of these finally to the Indian Territory. In 1822 the united
bands numbered 8,000, but are now reduced to a little more than 1,000, of whom
341 are still in Iowa, 430 in the Indian Territory, 98 in Nebraska, and about
200 in Kansas. The Sacs and Foxes of the Mississippi in. the Indian Territory
have a reservation of 483,840 acres. Un successful attempts have been made
lately to induce those in Kansas to join them. Those in Iowa ate living on a
section of land purchased by themselves. The Sacs and Foxes of the Missouri have
4,803 acres of land in Nebraska, but it is pro posed to remove them soon to the
Indian Territory.
List of illustrations
677, Keokuk. Watchful Fox.
Photo (off site)
A chief of the Kiscoquah band of Sacs or Sauk, and head chief of the combined
Sacs and Foxes.
"The entire absence of records by which the chronology of events might be
ascertained, renders it impossible to trace, in the order of their date, the
steps by which this remarkable man rose to the chief place of his nation, and
acquired a commanding and permanent influence over his people.
"Keokuk is in all respects a magnificent savage. Bold, enterprising, and
impulsive, he is also politic, and possesses an intimate knowledge of human
nature, and a tact which enables him to bring the resources of his mind into
prompt operation. His talents as a military chief and civil ruler are evident
from the discipline^which exists among his people." McKinney.
678, G81-2, 705. Keokuk, Jr.
Photo (off site)
Son of the preceding, and succeeded him in the chieftainship.
679, 084. Charles Keokuk.
Grandson of Keokuk, sr.
683. Keokuk, Jr., and Charles Keokuk.
685-6. Mo-less.
687-8. Sac-A-Pe.
689. Mo-less and Sac-A-Pe.
692. Qua-Qua-Ouf-Pe-Ka, or Dead Indian.
693. The Sea
694. Big Bear
695-9. Mo-Ko-Ho-Ko.
700. Mano-To-Wa.
400. Wah-Com-Mo.
401. Ne-Quaw-Ho-Ko. Grey Eyes.
396, 691, 701. Wah-Pah-Nah-Ka-Na Kah. Bear Eating Acorns Up a Tree, or
Geo. Gomez.
A Mexican by birth, and interpreter for the Sacs and Foxes since 1858. Was sold
to the Comanche when thirteen years of age, but ran away and joined the
Kickapoo. Was captured again by the Comanche while he was out with the Kickapoo
hunting, but was allowed to escape and rejoin his Indian friends. Drove
Government teams for a while between Forts Leaven worth and Kearney. In 1852
joined the Sacs and Foxes, and participated in some of their battles on the
plains.
He has been married into the following tribes: Caddo, Kickapoo, Pawnees,
Seminoles, Shawnee, Pottawatomie, Winnebago, Iowa, and Sacs and Foxes of
Missouri; and speaks the languages of the Creeks, Caddo, Comanche, Pottawatomie,
Kickapoo, Sac and Fox, Pawnee, Iowa, and Winnebago, besides English and Spanish.
Descriptive Catalogue, Photographs Of North American Indians. United States Geological Survey
of the Territories, 1877 by W. H. Jackson, Photographer of the Survey,
F. V. Hayden, U. S. Geologist.
