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Wappo Indian Tribe History
Wappo. An Americanization of Spanish Guapo. "brave," given them on account
of their stubborn resistance to Spanish military aggression. Also called:
Ash-o-chl-mi, a name given by Powers (1877).
Soteomellos or Sotomieyos, names given by Taylor (1860-63).
Connections. The Wappo language constituted a very divergent
form of speech of the Yukian linguistic family.
Location. On the headwaters of Napa River and Pope and Putah
Creeks, and a stretch of Russian River.
Subdivisions and Villages
Following are their dialectic divisions and the villages in each, the
names in italic being principal towns in as many village communities:
Southern Wappo:
Anakota-noma, at St. Helena.
Kaimus, at Yountville.
Tsemanoma, northeast of St. Helena.
Wilikos, near the head of Sonoma Creek. |
Central Wappo:
Maiyakama, south of Calistoga.
Melka'wa-hotsa-noma, at site of Middletown, Driver.
Mutistul, between the Napa River and Russian River drainage.
Nihlektsonoma, north of Calistoga.
Tselmenan, north of Calistoga. |
Northern Wappo:
Lok-noma, northeast of Middletown.
Petinoma, north of Middletown.
Uyuhanoma, east of Middletown. |
Western Wappo:
Ashaben, near Lytton.
Gayechin, near Lytton.
Hol-tcu'kolo, location unknown.
Koloko, on Russian River below Geyserville.
Malalachahl, at Lytton.
Nets-tul, northeast of Tsimitu-tsonoma.
Oso'ynk-eju, west of Russian River and southeast of Geyserville.
Owotel-peti, east of Tsimitutsonoma.
Pipoholma, on Russian River below Geyserville.
Shei-kana, location unknown.
Shimela, on Russian River below Geyserville.
Tsi'mitu-tso-noma, on the east bank of Russian River some miles below
Geyserville.
Tekenan-tso-noma, near Geysers in Sulphur Creek drainage.
Unutsa'wa-holma-noma, north of Tsi'mitu-tso-noma.
Lile'ek Wappo:
Daladan, on Cole Creek.
Kabetsawam, on Cole Creek. |
Driver (1939) adds the following names of camp sites, presumably in the
country of the Western Wappo: Halfsh-wah1 k-holma, Ho'lko-mota, Hut-mitul,
Nuya-hotsa, Tcano-nayuk, Ts'awo-tul, Tikomota, Walma-pesite.
Population. Kroeber (1925) estimates 1,000 Wappo in 1770 as a maximum; the
census of 1910 returned 73. (See Yuki.)
Indian Tribes of California
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