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Notes on the Caddo

Supplement to AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Volume 43, No. 3, Part 2
Memoirs Of The American Anthropological Association

The following data were recorded in New York City in the winter of 1921-22 with the cooperation of White Moon, a recent Caddo graduate of Carlisle who in New York shrewdly called himself Chief Silver Moon. In Oklahoma he was generally known as Mike Martin. In December, 1927, at Anadarko, Oklahoma, while collecting folk tales from the Kiowa, I had opportunities to check up on some of White Moon's data and to add to them, as I worked with two middle-aged men, James Ingkanish, a Caddo; and Grayson Pardon or Ninnid, whose mother was a Delaware, his father, Caddo, and his father's father's father, a Frenchman.

     Dr. Gladys Reichard worked with White Moon in language and checked some of the terms he gave me. My thanks to her, also to Dr. Erminie Voegelin for comparative notes, for reading manuscript and encouraging publication. I have worked so little with broken cultures that it was hard to estimate the value of this contribution. It seemed quite negligible, but Dr. Voegelin opines that in view of the dearth of information about the Caddo it will be welcome. Comparatively little may be known about the Caddo, yet had I known as much about the ethnology of Southeastern tribes as is to be known today I might have secured fuller Caddo records.

In my ignorance lay one advantage, I was not consciously or unconsciously seeking survivals. Now, in editing the notes, I am all the more impressed by the persistence of Southeastern traits in these fragmentary groups of the once large Caddo confederacies. How little the Caddo seem to have been affected by recent Indian neighbors in Texas and Oklahoma is another general impression. Probably broken cultures thrown together helter-skelter borrow little from one another.

 Contents

Localization and Dialectical Division 3
Government 5
Kinship 6
   List of Kinship terms 7
   Application of Terms in Genealogical Tables 8
   Generation II 12
Family Tree, I 13
Family Tree II 14
Family Tree III 15
Sibling or Cousin Nomenclature 16
Age Class Term 17
Joking Relationship: Respect 17
Naming 18
Instruction of Youth: Comradeship 19
Marriage: Child-bearing: Sex Distinctions 20
Sickness: Witchcraft: Doctoring: Burial: After Death 22
   The Doctors 23
   Caddo Burial 24
   The Graves of the Caddo 25
   The Spirit of the Caddo 26
Weather Control 27
Hand game, Racing 28
Hunting 29
Rites 29
Exorcism By Bath 30
Prayer 30
Offerings 30
Fasting 30
Smoking And Gift Of Tobacco 30
Orientation: The Road 30
Favored Numeral 30
Breath Rite 31
Hand Pass 31
Masking 31
Dreaming 31
Ghost Dance 32
Peyote Cult 33
War Dance and Other Dances 34
Turkey Dance 35
Supernaturals 36
Tales and Other Lore 37
Caddo Country Map 39
Northern Division Family Groups 40
Additional Families or Persons 41

Indian Genealogy

Notes About the Book:

Source: Notes on the Caddo, Memories of the American Anthropological Association, Elsie Clews Parsons, 1921.

Online Publication: The manuscript was scanned and then ocr'd. Minimal editing has been done, and readers can and should expect some errors in the textual output.


This site includes some historical materials that may imply negative stereotypes reflecting the culture or language of a particular period or place. These items are presented as part of the historical record and should not be interpreted to mean that the WebMasters in any way endorse the stereotypes implied.

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