Footnotes2

1: "Moore, Anti-Slavery", p. 79; and ", 1871, p. 376; Weeks, Southern Quakers, pp. 215, 216, 231, 230, 242.
2: "The Southern Workman", xxvii, p. 161.
3: Rhodes, "History of the United States", chap. i, p. 6; Bancroft, "History of the United States", chap. ii, p. 401; and Locke, Anti-Slavery, p. 32.
4: A Brief Statement of the Rise and Progress of the Testimony of the Quakers, passim; Woodson, "The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861", p. 43.
5: Woodson, "The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861", p. 44; and "Locke, Anti-Slavery", p. 32.
6: "The Southern Workman", xxxvii, pp. 158-169.
7: "Turner, The Negro in Pennsylvania", pp. 144, 145, 151, 155.
8: "Southern Workman", xxxvii, p. 157.
9: "Levi Coffin, Reminiscences", chaps, i and ii.
10: "Southern Workman", xxxvii, pp. 161-163.
11: "Coffin, Reminiscences", p. 109; and Howe's Historical Collections, p. 356.
12: "Southern Workman", xxxvii, pp. 162, 163.
13: Levi Coffin, "Reminiscences", pp. 108-111.
14: Siebert, "The Underground Railroad", p. 249.
15: Langston, "From the Virginia Plantation to the National Capitol", p. 35.
16: "Howe, Historical Collections", p. 465.
17: "History of Brown County", Ohio, p. 313.
18: Wattles said: he purchased for himself 190 acres of land, to establish a manual labor school for colored boys. He had maintained a school on it, at his own expense, till the eleventh of November, 1842. While in Philadelphia the winter before, he became acquainted with the trustees of the late Samuel Emlen, a Friend of New Jersey. He left by his will $20,000 for the "support and education in school learning and the mechanic arts and agriculture, boys, of African and Indian descent, whose parents would give them up to the school. They united their means and purchased Wattles farm, and appointed him the superintendent of the establishment, which they called the Emlen Institute."See Howe's Historical Collections, p. 356.
19: "Howe's Historical Collections", p. 355.
20: "Manuscripts in the possession of J.E. Moorland".
21: "The African Repository", xxii, pp. 322, 333.
22: "Simmons, Men of Mark", p. 723.
23: "Southern Workman", xxxvii, p. 158.
24: "The Journal of Negro History", I, pp. 23-33.
25: "Ibid"., I, p. 26.
26: "The African Repository", passim.
27: Although constituting a majority of the population even before the Civil War the Negroes of this township did not get recognition in the local government until 1875 when John Allen, a Negro, was elected township treasurer. From that time until about 1890 the Negroes always shared the honors of office with their white citizens and since that time they have usually had entire control of the local government in that township, holding such offices as supervisor, clerk, treasurer, road commissioner, and school director. Their record has been that of efficiency. Boss rule among them is not known. The best man for an office is generally sought; for this is a community of independent farmers. In 1907 one hundred and eleven different farmers in this community had holdings of 10,439 acres. Their township usually has very few delinquent taxpayers and it promptly makes its returns to the county. See the "Southern Workman", xxxvii, pp. 486-489.
28: Davidson and Stowe, "A Complete History of Illinois", pp. 321, 322; and Washburn, "Edward Coles", pp. 44 and 53.
29: The Negro population of this town so rapidly increased after the war that it has become a Negro town and unfortunately a bad one. Much improvement has been made in recent years. See "Southern Workman", xxxvii, pp. 489-494.
30: Still, "Underground Railroad", passim; Siebert, "Underground Railroad", pp. 34, 35, 40, 42, 43, 48, 56, 59, 62, 64, 70, 145, 147; Drew, "Refugee", pp. 72, 97, 114, 152, 335 and 373.
31: "The Journal of Negro History", I, pp. 132-162.
32: "Ibid"., I, 138.
33: Olmsted, "Back Country", p. 134.
34: In the Appalachian mountains, however, the settlers were loath to follow the fortunes of the ardent pro-slavery element. Actual abolition, for example, was never popular in western Virginia, but the love of the people of that section for freedom kept them estranged from the slaveholding districts of the State, which by 1850 had completely committed themselves to the pro-slavery propaganda. In the Convention of 1829-30 Upshur said there existed in a great portion of the West (of Virginia) a rooted antipathy to the slave. John Randolph was alarmed at the fanatical spirit on the subject of slavery, which was growing in Virginia, See the "Journal of Negro History", I, p. 142.
35: Adams, "Neglected Period of Anti-Slavery".
36: "The Journal of Negro History", I, pp. 132-160.
37: Siebert, "Underground Railroad", p. 166.
38: Adams, "Neglected Period of Anti-Slavery".
39: Siebert, "Underground Railroad", chaps. v and vi.
40: "An Address to the People of North Carolina on the Evils of Slavery."
41: Washington, "Story of the Negro", I, chaps. xii, xiii and xiv.
42: "Father Henson's Story of his own Life", p. 209; Coffin, "Reminiscences", pp. 247-256; Howe, "The Refugees from Slavery", p. 77; Haviland, "A Woman's Work", pp. 192, 193, 196.
43: Woodson, "The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861", pp. 236-240.
44: "The United States Censuses of 1850 and 1860."

A Century of Negro Migration, March 31, 1918

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