Footnote 1: "The New York
Daily Advertiser," Sept. 22, 1800; "The New York Journal of
Commerce," July 12, 1834; and "The New York Commercial
Advertiser," July 12, 1834.
Footnote 2: Hart, "Slavery and Abolition,"
pp. 53, 82.
Footnote 3: Goodell, "American Slave Code," Part III, chap.
i; Hurd, "The Law of Freedom and Bondage," I, pp. 51, 61,
67, 81, 89, 101, 111; Woodson, "The Education of the Negro
Prior to 1861," pp. 151-178.
Footnote 4: Benezet, "Short Observations,"
p. 12.
Footnote 5: Turner, "The Negro in
Pennsylvania", pp. 143-145.
Footnote 6: "Journal of House", 1823-24, p.
824.
Footnote 7: "Journal of House," 1812-1813,
pp. 481, 482.
Footnote 8: "Ibid.", 1814-1815, p. 101.
Footnote 9: "United States Censuses",
1790-1860.
Footnote 10: Brannagan, "Serious Remonstrances",
p. 68.
Footnote 11: Turner, "The Negro in
Pennsylvania", p. 145; "The Philadelphia Gazette", June 30,
1819.
Footnote 12: "Democratic Press,
Philadelphia Gazette", Nov. 21, 1825.
Footnote 13: Turner, "The Negro in
Pennsylvania", p. 146.
Footnote 14: De Tocqueville, "Democracy in
America", II, pp. 292, 294.
Footnote 15: Turner, "The Negro in
Pennsylvania", p. 148.
Footnote 16: Turner, "The Negro in
Pennsylvania", pp. 152, 153.
Footnote 17: "African Repository," VIII,
pp. 125, 283; "Journal of House", 1840, I, pp. 347, 508,
614, 622, 623, 680.
Footnote 18: "Journal of Senate", 1850, I,
pp. 454, 479.
Footnote 19: This is well narrated in Turner's "Negro in
Pennsylvania", p. 160, and in DuBois's "The
Philadelphia Negro", p. 27.
Footnote 20: Turner, "The Negro in
Pennsylvania", pp. 161, 162.
Footnote 21: Turner, "The Negro in
Pennsylvania", pp. 162, 163.
Footnote 22: Turner, "The Negro in
Pennsylvania", p. 163; and "The Liberator", July 4, 1835.
Footnote 23: "The Liberator", Oct. 24,
1834.
Footnote 24: "Ibid.", October 24, 1834.
Footnote 25: Jay, "An Inquiry," pp. 28-29.
Footnote 26
Footnote 27: So many Negroes working on the
rivers between the slave and free States helped fugitives to
escape that there arose a clamor for the discourage of
colored employees.
Transcriber's Note: The above should probably be
"discouragement of colored employees."
Footnote 28: "Constitution of Ohio",
article I, sections 2, 6. "The Journal of Negro History", I,
p. 2.
Footnote 29: "Laws of Ohio", II, p. 53.
Footnote 30: "Laws of Ohio", V, p. 53.
Footnote 31: Hitchcock, "The Negro in
Ohio", II, pp. 41, 42.
Footnote 32: "Revised Laws of Indiana",
1831, p. 278.
Footnote 33: Perkins, "A Digest of the
Declaration of the Supreme Court of Indiana", p. 590. "Laws
of 1853", p. 60.
Footnote 34: Gavin and Hord, "Indiana
Revised Statutes", 1862, p. 452.
Footnote 35: "Illinois Statutes", 1853,
sections 1-4, p. 8.
Footnote 36: In 1760 there were both
African and Pawnee slaves in Detroit, 96 of them in 1773 and
175 in 1782. The usual effort to have slavery legalized was
made in 1773. There were seventeen slaves in Detroit in 1810
held by virtue of the exceptions made under the British rule
prior to the ratification of Jay's treaty. Advertisements of
runaway slaves appeared in Detroit papers as late as 1827.
Furthermore, there were thirty-two slaves in Michigan in
1830 but by 1836 all had died or had been manumitted. See
Farmer, "History of Detroit and Michigan", I, p. 344.
Footnote 37: "Laws of Michigan", 1827; and
Campbell, "Political History of Michigan", p. 246.
Footnote 38: "Proceedings of the Ohio
Anti-Slavery Convention", 1835, p. 19.
Footnote 39: "African Repository", XXIII,
p. 70.
Footnote 40: "Ohio State Journal", May 3,
1837.
Footnote 41: Evans, "A History of Scioto
County, Ohio", p. 643.
Footnote 42: "African Repository", V, p.
185.
Footnote 43: Howe, "Historical
Collections", pp. 225-226.
Footnote 44: "Ibid"., p. 226, and "The
Cincinnati Daily Gazette", Sept. 14, 1841.
Footnote 45: "Niles Register", XXX, 416.
Footnote 46: "Niles Register", XXX, 416;
"African Repository", III, p. 25.
Footnote 47: Farmer, "History of Detroit
and Michigan", I, chap. 48.
Footnote 48: There was the usual effort to have slavery
legalized in Michigan. At the time of the fire in 1805 there
were six colored men and nine colored women in the town of
Detroit. In 1807 there were so many of them that Governor
Hull organized a company of colored militia. Joseph Campan
owned ten at one time. The importation of slaves was
discontinued after September 17, 1792, by act of the
Canadian Parliament which provided also that all born
thereafter should be free at the age of twenty-five. The
Ordinance of 1787 had by its sixth article prohibited it.
Footnote 49: In 1836 a colored man traveling in the West to
Cleveland said:
"I have met with good treatment at every place on my
journey, even better than what I expected under present
circumstances. I will relate an incident that took place on
board the steamboat, which will give an idea of the kind
treatment with which I have met. When I took the boat at
Erie, it being rainy and somewhat disagreeable, I took a
cabin passage, to which the captain had not the least
objection. When dinner was announced, I intended not to go
to the first table but the mate came and urged me to take a
seat. I accordingly did and was called upon to carve a large
saddle of beef which was before me. This I performed
accordingly to the best of my ability. No one of the company
manifested any objection or seemed anyways disturbed by my
presence." Extract of a letter from a colored gentleman
traveling to the West, Cleveland, Ohio, August 11, 1836. See
"The Philanthropist", Oct. 21, 1836.
A Century of Negro Migration, March 31, 1918