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While we know our northern friends may not feel it, in the South, Spring is here. So we thought we'd share a few of our gardening sites appropriate for this time of the year. Along with gardening, there's grilling, and getting ready to diet so that you can fit back into that bathing suit this summer!


 

 

 

Footnote 3

Footnote 1: "The New York Daily Advertiser," Sept. 22, 1800; "The New York Journal of Commerce," July 12, 1834; and "The New York Commercial Advertiser," July 12, 1834.

Footnote 2: Hart, "Slavery and Abolition," pp. 53, 82.

Footnote 3: Goodell, "American Slave Code," Part III, chap. i; Hurd, "The Law of Freedom and Bondage," I, pp. 51, 61, 67, 81, 89, 101, 111; Woodson, "The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861," pp. 151-178.

Footnote 4: Benezet, "Short Observations," p. 12.

Footnote 5: Turner, "The Negro in Pennsylvania", pp. 143-145.

Footnote 6: "Journal of House", 1823-24, p. 824.

Footnote 7: "Journal of House," 1812-1813, pp. 481, 482.

Footnote 8: "Ibid.", 1814-1815, p. 101.

Footnote 9: "United States Censuses", 1790-1860.

Footnote 10: Brannagan, "Serious Remonstrances", p. 68.

Footnote 11: Turner, "The Negro in Pennsylvania", p. 145; "The Philadelphia Gazette", June 30, 1819.

Footnote 12: "Democratic Press, Philadelphia Gazette", Nov. 21, 1825.

Footnote 13: Turner, "The Negro in Pennsylvania", p. 146.

Footnote 14: De Tocqueville, "Democracy in America", II, pp. 292, 294.

Footnote 15: Turner, "The Negro in Pennsylvania", p. 148.

Footnote 16: Turner, "The Negro in Pennsylvania", pp. 152, 153.

Footnote 17: "African Repository," VIII, pp. 125, 283; "Journal of House", 1840, I, pp. 347, 508, 614, 622, 623, 680.

Footnote 18: "Journal of Senate", 1850, I, pp. 454, 479.

Footnote 19: This is well narrated in Turner's "Negro in Pennsylvania", p. 160, and in DuBois's "The Philadelphia Negro", p. 27.

Footnote 20: Turner, "The Negro in Pennsylvania", pp. 161, 162.

Footnote 21: Turner, "The Negro in Pennsylvania", pp. 162, 163.

Footnote 22: Turner, "The Negro in Pennsylvania", p. 163; and "The Liberator", July 4, 1835.

Footnote 23: "The Liberator", Oct. 24, 1834.

Footnote 24: "Ibid.", October 24, 1834.

Footnote 25: Jay, "An Inquiry," pp. 28-29.

Footnote 26

Footnote 27: So many Negroes working on the rivers between the slave and free States helped fugitives to escape that there arose a clamor for the discourage of colored employees.

Transcriber's Note: The above should probably be "discouragement of colored employees."

Footnote 28: "Constitution of Ohio", article I, sections 2, 6. "The Journal of Negro History", I, p. 2.

Footnote 29: "Laws of Ohio", II, p. 53.

Footnote 30: "Laws of Ohio", V, p. 53.

Footnote 31: Hitchcock, "The Negro in Ohio", II, pp. 41, 42.

Footnote 32: "Revised Laws of Indiana", 1831, p. 278.

Footnote 33: Perkins, "A Digest of the Declaration of the Supreme Court of Indiana", p. 590. "Laws of 1853", p. 60.

Footnote 34: Gavin and Hord, "Indiana Revised Statutes", 1862, p. 452.

Footnote 35: "Illinois Statutes", 1853, sections 1-4, p. 8.

Footnote 36: In 1760 there were both African and Pawnee slaves in Detroit, 96 of them in 1773 and 175 in 1782. The usual effort to have slavery legalized was made in 1773. There were seventeen slaves in Detroit in 1810 held by virtue of the exceptions made under the British rule prior to the ratification of Jay's treaty. Advertisements of runaway slaves appeared in Detroit papers as late as 1827. Furthermore, there were thirty-two slaves in Michigan in 1830 but by 1836 all had died or had been manumitted. See Farmer, "History of Detroit and Michigan", I, p. 344.

Footnote 37: "Laws of Michigan", 1827; and Campbell, "Political History of Michigan", p. 246.

Footnote 38: "Proceedings of the Ohio Anti-Slavery Convention", 1835, p. 19.

Footnote 39: "African Repository", XXIII, p. 70.

Footnote 40: "Ohio State Journal", May 3, 1837.

Footnote 41: Evans, "A History of Scioto County, Ohio", p. 643.

Footnote 42: "African Repository", V, p. 185.

Footnote 43: Howe, "Historical Collections", pp. 225-226.

Footnote 44: "Ibid"., p. 226, and "The Cincinnati Daily Gazette", Sept. 14, 1841.

Footnote 45: "Niles Register", XXX, 416.

Footnote 46: "Niles Register", XXX, 416; "African Repository", III, p. 25.

Footnote 47: Farmer, "History of Detroit and Michigan", I, chap. 48.

Footnote 48: There was the usual effort to have slavery legalized in Michigan. At the time of the fire in 1805 there were six colored men and nine colored women in the town of Detroit. In 1807 there were so many of them that Governor Hull organized a company of colored militia. Joseph Campan owned ten at one time. The importation of slaves was discontinued after September 17, 1792, by act of the Canadian Parliament which provided also that all born thereafter should be free at the age of twenty-five. The Ordinance of 1787 had by its sixth article prohibited it.

Footnote 49: In 1836 a colored man traveling in the West to Cleveland said:

"I have met with good treatment at every place on my journey, even better than what I expected under present circumstances. I will relate an incident that took place on board the steamboat, which will give an idea of the kind treatment with which I have met. When I took the boat at Erie, it being rainy and somewhat disagreeable, I took a cabin passage, to which the captain had not the least objection. When dinner was announced, I intended not to go to the first table but the mate came and urged me to take a seat. I accordingly did and was called upon to carve a large saddle of beef which was before me. This I performed accordingly to the best of my ability. No one of the company manifested any objection or seemed anyways disturbed by my presence." Extract of a letter from a colored gentleman traveling to the West, Cleveland, Ohio, August 11, 1836. See "The Philanthropist", Oct. 21, 1836.

A Century of Negro Migration, March 31, 1918

A Century of Negro Migration

 


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